The four functions of management, which encompass the core responsibilities of managers in any organization, are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling.
Planning involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives. It is the foundational function of management since it guides future actions and decisions.
Organizing refers to the arrangement of resources and tasks to implement the plan. This includes determining what tasks need to be done, who will do them, and how the tasks will be coordinated.
Leading is the function that focuses on motivating and guiding employees towards the organization’s goals. This involves communication, inspiration, and fostering a conducive organizational culture.
Controlling is the process of monitoring progress towards goal achievement and making necessary adjustments. This entails measuring performance, comparing it against established standards, and taking corrective actions when needed.
Understanding these four functions is critical for effective management as they represent a framework for managers to achieve their organizational objectives. The other options do not encompass the full scope of management activities in this systematic way.