According to the justice approach, what determines the ethics of an action?

The justice approach to ethics primarily focuses on the fairness and impartiality of actions in their treatment of individuals. This perspective emphasizes the importance of equitable treatment, where decisions should respect the rights of all individuals involved and ensure that everyone is treated without bias or discrimination.

In this approach, the ethicality of an action is determined by how well it upholds principles of justice, such as fairness and equality. It seeks to ensure that individuals receive what they are due and that outcomes do not favor one group over another inappropriately. This principle draws on theories of distributional justice, procedural justice, and corrective justice, all of which prioritize fairness as a core ethical consideration.

While the other options mention factors such as risk, outcomes, and speed, these do not align with the fundamental tenets of the justice approach. They may be relevant in certain ethical frameworks but do not capture the essence of fairness and equality that this perspective champions. Thus, fairness in dealing with people is the defining criterion for determining the ethics of an action within the justice approach.