Which of the following is NOT one of the four functions of management?

The correct answer is "Negotiating" because it is not recognized as one of the core functions of management. The four fundamental functions of management are Planning, Organizing, Leading, and Controlling.

Planning involves setting objectives and determining a course of action for achieving those objectives. It is the foundation upon which management decisions are made. Organizing follows planning and involves arranging resources and tasks to achieve the plans. Leading entails motivating and directing employees to achieve organizational goals, which is essential for ensuring that the workforce is engaged and aligned with the company’s objectives. Controlling is the process of monitoring and evaluating performance to ensure that goals are met and making necessary adjustments.

While negotiating can certainly be an important skill for managers as they interact with employees, clients, and other stakeholders, it is not classified as a standalone function of management. Rather, it can be seen as a skill that may be utilized within these four functions to facilitate decision-making and conflict resolution.